Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Book THREE (Chapters 14-15)

In the beginning of chapter 14, "Madame Defarge held darkly ominous coucil with The Vengeance and Jacques Three of the Revolutionary Jury." Madame Defarge had this meeting in the wood-sawyer shed, which I found ironic because she is conversing with The Vengeance and Jacques Three to try to get Lucie and Little Lucie killed by saying that they were spies outside of the wood-sawyer shed. "See you, I care nothing for this Doctor, I. He may wear his head or lose it, for any interest I have in him; it is all one to me. But, the Evremonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father." By this passage, I found that the grudge that Madame Defarge has on the Evremondes must be very large for her to want to kill a mere child too. Why would she want to kill the child though? Or even the wife? They haven't done anything to her or her family. It wasn't even Charles Darnay; it was his father.
After speaking with these people, Madame Defarge travels to Lucie's place of residence to attempt to catch her grieving for a prisoner which is supposedly an illegal act. By this, Madame Defarge hopes to have more evidence to imprison Lucie and her family along with the wood-sawyer's testimony of them spying.
At the apartment, Miss Pross and Jerry Cruncher are just getting ready to leave. Cruncher leaves first and says that he will wait at the cathedral so as not to cause any unwanted suspicion. After Jerry is gone, Madame Defarge arrives at the apartment demanding to know where Lucie is. Madame says, "... I am come to make my compliments to her in passing. I wish to see her." Miss Pross knows that she only has evil intentions and chooses not to tell her. Madame Defarge continues to demand to see Lucie, but Miss Pross does not give up. She says, "... I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my Ladybird. I'll not leave a handful of that dark hair upon your head, if you lay a finger on me!" At that moment, Madame Defarge and Miss Pross engage in a struggle, and Miss Pross shoots Madame Defarge accidentally, killing her. Miss Pross, in a panic, saw what she had done and walked around the body as far away as she could and dropped the door key in the river and heads to the cathedral.
After arriving at the cathedral, Miss Pross waits for Cruncher to arrive, and when he does, she tells him that there was a large crash, and she can't hear. She never directly tells Cruncher what happened, just that she cannot hear anything. He just says that if she can't hear the carts she will never hear again. "And indeed she never did."
This chapter was meant to emphasize the fall or death of the antagonist, Madame Defarge. Dickens illustrates to the reader that Madame Defarge's own past has changed her into this creature of animosity.
In chapter 15, the final chapter of the book, Carton is riding in a tumbril to the guillotine while holding a girls hand. He tells her, "Keep your eyes upon me, dear child, and mind no other object." She replied, "I mind nothing while I hold your hand. I shall mind nothing when I let it go, if they are rapid." This part of the novel made me sorrowful. Dickens depicts this girl to be a mere child being sent to the guillotine. Also this part made me actually think about what it was like. Slowly approaching your death, wondering if the blade would fall fast or slow. It made me actually picture myself under the guillotine and also picture me watching from a distance as the blade slice through someone's neck and their head fell from their body, no longer attached. I did not like this part of the novel because of what it made my mind wonder to...
At the very end of the novel, Carton said everything that he saw in the future, when he would not be there. He said that he saw Barsad, Cly, Defarge, The Vengeance, the men of the jury, the Judge, and all the other oppressors making their way to the guillotine just as he was doing. He also said that he saw a city rising above defeat, and the evil gradually making expiation. He said that he saw the lives of his friends being peaceful, useful, and prosperous. He said that he holds a sanctuary in their hearts and of their many generations to come. "I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name, a man winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine... I see him, foremost of just judges and honoured men, bringing a boy of my name, with a forehead that I know and golden hair... and I hear him tell the child my story, with a tender and faltering voice." I think that this whole passage that Carton proclaims means that he sees Lucie and Darnay giving birth to a boy and naming the boy after himself. I thought this because of the "golden hair," and Lucie was always known for her golden curls. I think that this is something that he wishes more than anything when he is gone. I think this because he wants to know that Lucie did care for him and did love him but in a different way. I also think that everything that he claimed that he saw in the future was something that he wished because he wanted to be the one who influenced the happiness and joy that would become of people's lives.
"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known." This last sentence was very important to me because Carton always said that his life didn't mean anything, and by this, he is saying that he finally made it mean something. He had always been known as a good-for-nothing drunk, and now he would be known even after he was dead; his name would be remember, and he would be remembered.
The denouement of this novel revealed Carton as a Christ-figure because he sacrificed himself and his life in return for other people to live just as Christ sacrificed himself so that everyone could live eternally.

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

Book THREE (Chapters 10-13)

In chapter 10, the letter that Dr. Manette wrote while he was imprisoned in the Bastille in 1757 was found in the chimney. It told of why he had been imprisoned. It said that two brothers that looked to him like they were twins ordered Dr. Manette into their carriage to care for a young woman and her brother. The woman had been raped and had a high fever, and the brother had been stabbed with a knife. As we, the readers, are told the Evermondes were the reason that Dr. Manette was imprisoned, and this is where that part comes into the novel. We discover that the two brothers that brought the Doctor into the carriage were the Marquis Evermonde and his brother, Darnay's uncle. His brother, who was also the man who ran over the child with his carriage, had raped the woman, killed her husband, and stabbed her brother, who also died. The young woman kept repeating the phrase "my husband, my father, and my brother!" and counting to twelve. Why did she always count to twelve? What was the significance of that? Did I miss something?
Dr. Manette in his attempt to save the young woman, was unable to. To me, this shows how many people of the higher class or the aristocrats always seem to think that they are better than everyone of any lower class like Darnay's uncle who was killed by the child's father. He raped the woman because he thought that he had a right to. How does anyone have a right to rape or kill or harm any other human being without any probable reason????
The day after all of this occurs, Darnay's mother, who is also the wife of the Marquis, came to Dr. Manette's house after his return home. She wants to find the sister of the young woman who was raped so that she can offer her help. Unfortunately, the Doctor does not know where the girl is because she was hiding from the Marquis. The following day, Dr. Manette is taken away and imprisoned for his eighteen years on the orders of the Marquis. This part showed me a lot about Darnay's mother and father. His father, the Marquis, was obviously a cruel man, but I don't understand why he had Dr. Manette put in prison. What ever happened to the Marquis? Did he die? This also showed me that there was quite a difference between Darnay's mother and Darnay's father. His mother was someone who wanted to help others, and she seemed to be a generous woman; whereas his father was what seemed to be the antithesis of his mother, at least that is the way it seemed to the reader. He was a ruthless man. Why did he have Dr. Manette put in prison anyways?
After hearing the story, the crowd and the jury react immediately by sentencing Darnay to death within the day (24 hours). What I didn't understand about his was that, why was Darnay being put to death for something that his father and his uncle did? I think that this is another incident where the crowd merely wants to see someone suffer and die for entertainment. They only put him to death for that reason because they did not have another.
In chapter 11, Darnay is taken back to his prison cell by John Barsad. Before he is imprisoned again, Barsad allows Lucie and Darnay a moment to embrace each other. This is what seems to be the last time that they will ever embrace. Darnay says, "Farewell, dear darling of my soul. My parting blessing on my love. We shall meet again, where the weary are at rest!" Then they both say their goodbyes, and Dr. Manette attempts to tell Darnay that he is sorry by getting down on his knees, but Darnay says that he need not to apologize. Instead, Darnay apologizes for everything that he was put through and says that he should not blame himself for the way the trial turned out. Then, as Darnay is being taken away by Barsad, Lucie faints. Carton carries Lucie back to the carriage and orders that she not be awakened. As he leaves, he kisses Lucie on the forehead and whispers to her "A life you love." What does this sentence mean? Does it mean that Carton is going to interfere with the death of Darnay by possibly having himself killed instead just so Lucie has the life she loves???
The last words of this chapter are spoken by Carton, "Yes. He will perish: there is no hope." as he walked with a settled step downstairs. I think that Carton only says this but does not believe it like Mr. Lorry and Dr. Manette believe it. They think that Darnay has no hope of living, whereas Carton does he just doesn't lead on to thinking that.
In chapter 12, Carton goes over to the Defarges' wine shop and, in an attempt to eavesdrop, fakes a French accent. Carton learns that Madame Defarge plans to accuse Lucie, little Lucie, and her father, Dr. Manette, of spying. I don't understand how one can accuse a little kid of spying. A little can't spy and know what they are doing. If they do know what they are doing, then they would probably be spying for someone else anyways. How is Madame Defarge going have proof and evidence of their spying? Carton also finds out that Madame Defarge is the surviving sister of the young woman that was raped and of the brother that was stabbed. Therefore, the reader now knows her reason for hating Darnay so much. Although I still don't understand why she would have a grudge on his family when Darnay had nothing to do with, it was his father and his uncle that killed her family. I think that Charles Dickens intended to have Madame Defarge as the antagonist.
After hearing this, Carton returns to Tellson's Bank where Mr. Lorry and Dr. Manette are. Dr. Manette is obviously becoming distressed because he begins asking for his shoemaking tools again, which he has not done in a long time. Carton also tells Mr. Lorry that he should get Lucie and her daughter ready to leave the city the following day because Madame Defarge plans on revealing that they are spies. Carton gets in the carriage to leave, but before he does so, he says goodbye to Lucie's window. I think that this is foreshadowing that he is going to die rather than Darnay.
In chapter 13, the title symbolizes the men and women that are condemned to die the next day along with Darnay. Darnay writes a letter to Lucie and Dr. Manette and Mr. Lorry. He writes that he is sorry for keeping his real identity secret and says that he did not know about his family's connection with Dr. Manette's imprisonment.
Soon after Darnay is finished writing his letter, Carton visits Darnay. Carton convinces Darnay to switch clothes with him and drugs him to put him to sleep. Barsad drags Darnay out of the cell, and Carton takes Darnay's place in the cell to be put to death. Carton is then taken to a waiting room where many other prisoners are awaiting the guillotine. Only one woman recognizes that Carton is not Darnay, but she does not say anything.
One the other side of town, a carriage takes Dr. Manette, Lucie, little Lucie, Mr. Lorry, and Darnay out of Paris.
By Carton taking Darnay's place, he is doing just what he told Lucie that he would do. He is helping her friends and her just like he said. He said that he would do anything for her or for any of her friends, and although Lucie did not tell her to do this, he knew it would be what she wanted.
Why does Carton drug Darnay? I think it is because Darnay would not go for Carton's idea of switching places, and he would think it was wrong. Darnay would say that it was his duty to die in his own place.

Thursday, December 4, 2008

Book THREE (Chapters 3-9)

In chapter 3, Mr. Lorry decides to move Lucie to a different location because he fears that he is endangering Tellson's Bank by keeping her there. He worries for the reason that Lucie is the wife of a prisoner. So he finds an apartment for Lucie, her daughter, her father, and Miss Pross. Along with getting them an apartment, Mr. Lorry also assigns Jerry Cruncher to guard the apartment and to keep them safe.
Also in this chapter, Mr. Lorry receives a message from Dr. Manette informing him that he and Darnay are safe but cannot leave the prison yet. At this time, Madame Defarge is seen on the street. "Is that his child? said Madame Defarge, stopping in her work for the first time, and pointing her knitting-needle at little Lucie as if it were the finger of Fate." When Madame Defarge says this, I think it seems kind of foreboding. I think that it is foreshadowing that Madame Defarge will attempt to hurt little Lucie to get revenge on Charles Darnay. This must scare Lucie when she hears this. How could it not? What does it mean by "the finger of Fate?" Whenever I thought of Fate, I thought of death and what is meant to happen. It usually isn't something good... This must be a pretty important part in the book for Madame to stop knitting because she had never done that before; it was the first time.
After having a brief conversation with Madame Defarge, Lucie says to her, "... O sister-woman, think of me. As a wife and mother!" Madame Defarge looks at her "coldly as ever" and says, "... Judge you! Is it likely that the trouble of one wife and mother would be much to us now?" What Madame Defarge means is that she has seen a lot of suffering and harm done since she was young, so to her, a group of peope or a class is more important than just one individual. I found the way that she says this kind of cruel. Madame Defarge not a very nice person I have come to find out. I hope that the Defarges get what's coming to them in the end. I think they will.
In chapter 4, Dr. Manette is gone for four days, and during these days "... eleven hundred defenceless prisoners of both sexes and all ages had been killed by the populace..." Also during this time, "He [Dr. Manette] could now assure Lucie that her husband was no longer confined alone,..." The Doctor now had a "new life." This new life is another example of resurrection. Since Dr. Manette has a new life, he hoped to use this to help Darnay. "But, though the Doctor tried hard, and never ceased trying, to get Charles Darnay set at liberty, or at least to get him brought to trial, the public current of the time set too strong and fast for him. The new era began; the king was tried, doomed, and beheaded..." How evil and awful did this revolution become? Also at this time they refer to "La Guillotine" in many supposedly humorous ways. "It was the best cure for headache, it infallibly prevented the hair from turning grey, it imparted a peculiar delicacy to complexion, it was the National Razor which shaved close..." How could the people at this time compare the guillotine, the structure that was taking so many lives, to something of humor? Was it supposed to be comic relief for the people because they actually feared for their lives?
"One year and three months." How can Lucie go so long without seeing her husband? She must really love him to wait for him. "My dear, there is an upper window in the prison, to which Charles can sometimes gain access at three in the afternoon. When he can get to it... he might see you in the street... From that time, in all weathers, she waited there two hours. As the clock struck two, she was there, and at four she turned resignedly away." To me, this shows true devotion to her husband. Now I understand why she married this man. If she loved him this much, why would she marry someone else?
What is the significance of the Carmognole? Why does dancing gain so much attention in this chapter?
In chapter 6, Charles Darnay is one of the many people to be put on trial. Gabelle and Dr. Manette testifies for him. "At every vote, the populace set up a shout of applause. All the voices were in the prisoner's favour, and the President declared him free." Because of they testified, Darnay is acquitted, and the crowd carries him back to his home in a big chair. The passage depicts how the people or the crowd had more of an influence on the President than the Jury did.
I found that the only significant part about chapter 7 was when the four Jacques knock on the door and arrest Charles Darnay again but don't give a reason. The only thing known is that he was denounced by the Defarges and one other person. This also explains the title of the chapter, "A Knock at the Door."
In chapter 8, Miss Pross and Jerry Cruncher are shopping when Miss Pross recognizes her brother in the Defarges' wine shop. Solomon, her brother, is now a part of the French Republic. Cruncher is also surprised because he recognizes the man as John Barsad who was an English spy. Carton takes Barsad to Tellson's Bank where there is a confrontation between Mr. Lorry, Jerry Cruncher, and Sydney Carton. At this time, Carton says that he knew the man that Barsad was talking to as Roger Cly. Barsad merely says that it is impossible because Roger Cly is dead. Cruncher says that he looked in the coffin and knew there was no body in it. After this, Barsad agrees to help Carton.
In the finally chapter of this reading, Mr. Lorry finds out that Jerry Cruncher is a grave robber. Cruncher defends himself by saying that he is helping other people by using the organs and also saying that if he is a bad person then so are the doctors that use the organs.
Also in this chapter, there is a connection to the bible. "I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die." This is said by the priest at Carton's father's funeral. I'm not sure what it means, but I am almost certain that it has some significance in the novel because of all of the biblical references.
At the end of the chapter, it is found out that Dr. Manette is the third denouncer. I don't understand why he would have done that.